Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 30, Issue 6 , Pages 452-464 , December 2009

Imaging of the Skin, Subcutis, and Galea Aponeurotica

  • Anna M. Sharman, MBChB (Hons), MRCP, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Anna M. Sharman, MBChB (Hons), MRCP, FRCR, Department of Radiology, Level 2, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
  • ,
  • Olga Kirmi, BSc, MBBS, MRCS, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Philip Anslow, MA, MB BChir, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom

References 

  1. Sheldon JJ. Blood vessels of the scalp and brain. Clin Symp. 1990;42(3):3–36
  2. Marty F, Montandon D, Gumener R, et al. Subcutaneous tissue in the scalp: Anatomical, physiological, and clinical study. Ann Plast Surg. 1986;16:368
  3. Hayman L, Shukla V, Ly C, et al. Clinical and imaging anatomy of the scalp. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2003;27:454–459
  4. Seery G. Surgical anatomy of the scalp. Dermatol Surg. 2002;28:581–587
  5. Cummings T, George T, Fuchs H, et al. The pathology of extracranial scalp and skull masses in young children. Clin Neuropathol. 2004;23:34–43
  6. Ruge J, Tomita T, Naidich T, et al. Scalp and calvarial masses of infants and children. Neurosurgery. 1988;22:1037–1042
  7. Reichard R. Birth injury of the cranium and central nervous system. Brain Pathol. 2008;18:565–570
  8. Chadwick L, Pemberton P, Kurinczuk J. Neonatal subgaleal haematoma: Associated risk factors, complications and outcome. J Paediatrics Child Health. 1996;32:228
  9. Kuban K, Winston K, Bresnan M. Childhood subgaleal hematoma following minor head trauma. Am J Dis Child. 1983;137:637–640
  10. Pomeranz AJ, Ruttum MS, Harris GJ. Subgaleal hematoma with delayed proptosis and corneal ulceration. Ann Emerg Med. 1995;26:752–754
  11. Kao H, Huang Y, Lin T. Infected cephalohematoma associated with sepsis and skull osteomyelitis: Report of one case. Am J Perinatol. 1999;16:459
  12. Moron FE, Jones JJ, Hunter JV, et al. Lumps and bumps on the head in children: Use of CT and MR imaging in solving the clinical diagnostic dilemma. Radiographics. 2004;24:1655–1674
  13. Rao P, Carty H. Non-accidental injury: Review of the radiology. Clin Radiol. 1999;54:11–24
  14. Kuster W, Lenz W, Kaariainen H, et al. Congenital scalp defects with distal limb anomalies (Adams–Oliver syndrome): Report of ten cases and review of the literature. Am J Med Genet. 1988;31:99–115
  15. Bonafede R, Beighton P. Autosomal dominant inheritance of scalp defects with ectrodactyly. Am J Med Genet. 1979;3:35–41
  16. Chaudhari AB, Rosenthal AD, Lipper S. Congenital inclusion cysts of the subgaleal space. Surg Neurol. 1984;21:61–66
  17. Chaudhari AB, Ladapo F, Mordi VP, et al. Congenital inclusion cyst of the subgaleal space. J Neurosurg. 1982;56:540–544
  18. Asani MO, Yakubu AA, Edino ST. Congenital inclusion cyst of the subgaleal space: A case report. Niger J Med. 2005;14:434–435
  19. Adouani A, Chennoufi M, Hammoud M, et al. Malignant transformation of a dermoid cyst of the scalp (A case report). Tunis Med. 2004;82:972–975
  20. Willatt J, Quaghebeur G. Calvarial masses of infants and children (A radiological approach). Clin Radiol. 2004;59:474–486
  21. Al-Khateeb TH, Al-Masri NM, Al-Zoubi F. Cutaneous cysts of the head and neck. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2009;67:52–57
  22. Rogers GF, Mulliken JB, Kozakewich HP. Heterotopic neural nodules of the scalp. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;115:376–382
  23. Mulliken J, Glowacki J. Hemangiomas and vascular malformations in infants and children: A classification based on endothelial characteristics. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1982;69:412
  24. Metry D, Hebert A. Benign cutaneous vascular tumors of infancy when to worry, what to do. Arch Dermatol. 2000;136:905–914
  25. Waner M, North P, Scherer K, et al. The nonrandom distribution of facial hemangiomas. Am Med Assoc. 2003;139:869–875
  26. Fordham L, Chung C, Donnelly L. Imaging of congenital vascular and lymphatic anomalies of the head and neck. Neuroimaging Clin North Am. 2000;10:117
  27. Connor S, Flis C, Langdon J. Vascular masses of the head and neck. Clin Radiol. 2005;60:856–868
  28. Ahuja A, Richards P, Wong K, et al. Accuracy of high-resolution sonography compared with magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis of head and neck venous vascular malformations. Clin Radiol. 2003;58:869–875
  29. Yakes W, Rossi P, Odink H. Arteriovenous malformation management. Cardiovasc Interv Radiol. 1996;19:65–71
  30. Murphey MD, Carroll JF, Flemming DJ, et al. From the archives of the AFIP: benign musculoskeletal lipomatous lesions. Radiographics. 2004;24:1433–1466
  31. Argenyi ZB, Thieberg MD, Hayes CM, et al. Primary cutaneous meningioma associated with von Recklinghausen's disease. J Cutan Pathol. 1994;21:549–556
  32. Lim HS, Jung J, Chung KY. Neurofibromatosis type 2 with multiple plexiform schwannomas. Int J Dermatol. 2004;43:336–340
  33. Escott E. A variety of appearances of malignant melanoma in the head: A review. Radiographics. 2001;21:625–639
  34. Martí N, Molina I, Monteagudo C, et al. Cutaneous metastasis of breast carcinoma mimicking malignant melanoma in scalp. Dermatol Online J. 2008;14:12
  35. Strobel K, Dummer R, Husarik D, et al. High-risk melanoma: Accuracy of FDG PET/CT with added CT morphologic information for detection of metastases. Radiology. 2007;244:566
  36. Kubo T, Shimose S, Matsuo T, et al. Scalp metastasis from malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone. J Am Acad Dermat. 2008;59:88–91
  37. Verbon A, Husni R, Gordon S, et al. Pott's puffy tumor due to Haemophilus influenzae: Case report and review. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;23:1305–1307

PII: S0887-2171(09)00069-9

doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2009.08.001

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 30, Issue 6 , Pages 452-464 , December 2009