Computed Tomographic Urography Update: An Evolving Urinary Tract Imaging Modality

Multi-detector computed tomography urography (CTU) is now well established as the imaging modality of choice for comprehensive evaluation of the kidneys and urinary tract, having largely replaced excretory urography. Over the past decade, CTU techniques have continued to evolve with the goal of improving urothelial surface visualization. Numerous benign and malignant conditions of the kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder can be accurately depicted by CTU. This article provides a contemporary review of CTU imaging protocols, image postprocessing techniques, appearances of various urinary tract pathologic conditions, and pitfalls in image interpretation.