Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 30, Issue 4 , Pages 246-257 , August 2009

Magnetic Resonance Urography Update—Are We There Yet?

  • John R. Leyendecker, MD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to John R. Leyendecker, MD, Department of Radiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157
    • ,
  • M. Jennings Clingan, MD

References 

  1. Jones RA, Easley K, Little SB, et al. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography in the evaluation of pediatric hydronephrosis (I. Functional assessment). AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185:1598–1607
  2. Katzberg RW, Buonocore MH, Ivanovic M, et al. Functional, dynamic, and anatomic MR urography: Feasibility and preliminary findings. Acad Radiol. 2001;8:1083–1099
  3. Chu WCW, Lam WWM, Chan KW, et al. Dynamic gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance urography for assessing drainage in dilated pelvicalyceal systems with moderate renal function: Preliminary results and comparison with diuresis renography. BJU Int. 2004;93:830–834
  4. Kocaoglu M, Bulakbasi N, Ilica AT, et al. Intravenous contrast-enhanced dynamic MR urography: Diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux during bladder filling with time-signal intensity curves. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;24:349–355
  5. Nolte-Ersting CCA, Staatz G, Tacke J, et al. MR urography today. Abdom Imaging. 2003;28:191–209
  6. Roy C, Saussine C, LeBras Y. Assessment of painful ureterohydronephrosis during pregnancy. Eur Radiol. 1996;6:334–338
  7. Borthne A, Nordshus T, Reiseter T, et al. MR urography: The future gold standard in pediatric urogenital imaging?. Pediatr Radiol. 1999;29:694–701
  8. Regan F, Bohlman ME, Khazan R, et al. MR urography using HASTE imaging in the assessment of ureteric obstruction. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167:1115–1120
  9. Tang Y, Yamashita Y, Namimoto T, et al. The value of MR urography that uses HASTE sequences to reveal urinary tract disorders. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1996;167:1497–1502
  10. Roy C, Saussine C, Guth S, et al. MR urography in the evaluation of urinary tract obstruction. Abdom Imaging. 1998;23:27–34
  11. Tsubota M, Takahara T, Nitatori T, et al. Utility of cine MR urography of the urinary tract and comparison with static MR urography. Radiat Med. 2004;22:212–217
  12. Leyendecker J, Barnes C, Zagoria R. MR urography: Technique and clinical applications. Radiographics. 2008;28:23–48
  13. Hughes J, Jan W, Goodie J, et al. MR urography: Evaluation of different techniques in non-dilated tracts. Clin Radiol. 2002;57:989–994
  14. Colville JA, Killeen RP, Buckley O, et al. Does a full bladder aid upper tract visualization in magnetic resonance urography?. Australas Radiol. 2007;51:362–364
  15. Nolte-Ernsting C, Adam G, Bücker A. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography: First experimental results with a polymeric gadolinium blood pool agent. Invest Radiol. 1997;32:418–423
  16. Sudah M, Vanninen R, Partanen K, et al. MR urography in evaluation of acute flank pain: T2-weighted sequences and gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional FLASH compared with urography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:105–112
  17. Szopinski K, Szopinska M, Borowka A, et al. Magnetic resonance urography: Initial experience of a low-dose Gd-DTPA-enhanced technique. Eur Radiol. 2000;10:1158–1164
  18. El-Diasty T, Mansour O, Farouk A. Diuretic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography versus intravenous urography for depiction of nondilated urinary tracts. Abdom Imaging. 2003;28:135–145
  19. Ergen FB, Hussain HK, Carlos RC, et al. 3D excretory MR urography: Improved image quality with intravenous saline and diuretic administration. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2007;25:783–789
  20. Nolte-Ernsting CCA, Tacke J, Adam GB, et al. Diuretic-enhanced gadolinium excretory MR urography: Comparison of conventional gradient-echo sequences and echo-planar imaging. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:18–27
  21. Nolte-Ernsting CCA, Bucker A, Adam GB, et al. Gadolinium-enhanced excretory MR urography after low-dose diuretic injection: Comparison with conventional excretory urography. Radiology. 1998;209:147–157
  22. Karabacakoglu A, Karakose S, Ince O, et al. Diagnostic value of diuretic-enhanced excretory MR urography in patients with obstructive uropathy. Eur J Radiol. 2004;52:320–327
  23. Yoshimitsu K, Irie H, Tajima T, et al. MR imaging of renal cell carcinoma: Its role in determining cell type. Radiat Med. 2004;22:371–376
  24. Israel GM, Hindman N, Hecht E, et al. The use of opposed-phase chemical shift MRI in the diagnosis of renal angiomyolipomas. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1868–1872
  25. Outwater EK, Bhatia M, Siegelman ES, et al. Lipid in renal clear cell carcinoma: Detection on opposed-phase gradient-echo MR images. Radiology. 1997;205:103–107
  26. Sun MRM, Ngo L, Genega EM, et al. Renal cell carcinoma: Dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging for differentiation of tumor subtypes—Correlation with pathologic findings. Radiology. 2009;250:793–802
  27. Ho VB, Allen SF, Hood MN, et al. Renal masses: Quantitative assessment of enhancement with dynamic MR imaging. Radiology. 2002;224:695–700
  28. Hecht EM, Israel GM, Krinsky GA, et al. Renal masses: Quantitative analysis of enhancement with signal intensity measurements versus qualitative analysis of enhancement with image subtraction for diagnosing malignancy at MR imaging. Radiology. 2004;232:373–378
  29. Leyendecker JR, Gianini JW. Magnetic resonance urography. Abdom Imaging. 2008;May 8 [Epub ahead of print]
  30. Verswijvel GA, Oyen Rh, Van Poppel HP, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in the assessment of urologic disease: An all-in-one approach. Eur Radiol. 2000;10:1614–1619
  31. Glueker TM, Mayr M, Schwarz J, et al. Comparison of CT angiography with MR angiography in the preoperative assessment of living kidney donors. Transplantation. 2008;86:1168–1169
  32. Silverman SG, Leyendecker JR, Amis ES. What is the current role of CT urography and MR urography in the evaluation of the urinary tract?. Radiology. 2009;250:1–15
  33. Eikefjord EN, Thorsen F, Rorvik J. Comparison of effective radiation doses in patients undergoing unenhanced MDCT and excretory urography for acute flank pain. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188:934–939
  34. Nawfel RD, Judy PF, Schleipman AR, et al. Patient radiation dose at CT urography and conventional urography. Radiology. 2004;232:126–132
  35. Ferrandino MN, Bagrodia A, Pierre SA, et al. Radiation exposure in the acute and short term management of urolithiasis at two academic centers. J Urol. 2009;181:668–672
  36. Jung P, Brauers A, Nolte-Ernsting CA, et al. Magnetic resonance urography enhanced by gadolinium and diuretics: A comparison with conventional urography in diagnosing the cause of ureteric obstruction. BJU Int. 2000;86:960–965
  37. Smith T, Gordon I, Kelly JP. Comparison of radiation dose from intravenous urography and 99Tcm DMSA scintigraphy in children. Br J Radiol. 1998;71:314–319
  38. Cerwinka WH, Grattan-Smith JD, Kirsch AJ. Magnetic resonance urography in pediatric urology. J Pediatr Urol. 2008;4:74–82
  39. Grattan-Smith JD. MR urography: Anatomy and physiology. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38(suppl):S275–S280
  40. Perez-Brayfield MR, Kirsch AJ, Jones RA, et al. A prospective study comparing ultrasound, nuclear scintigraphy and dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of hydronephrosis. J Urol. 2003;170:1330–1334
  41. Payabvash S, Kajbafzadeh AM, Saeedi P, et al. Application of magnetic resonance urography in diagnosis of congenital urogenital anomalies in children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008;24:979–986
  42. McMann LP, Kirsch AJ, Scherz HC, et al. Magnetic resonance urography in the evaluation of prenatally diagnosed hydronephrosis and renal dysgenesis. J Urol. 2006;176:1786–1792
  43. El-Nahas AR, El-Ghar ME, Refae HF, et al. Magnetic resonance imagining in the evaluation of pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction: An all-in-one approach. BJU Int. 2007;99:641–645
  44. Caceres Aucatoma F, Rodo Salas J, Capdevila A, et al. Comparison between MRI and the techniques traditionally used in the study of uropathies in children. Cir Pediatr. 2007;20:159–165
  45. Little SB, Jones RA, Grattan-Smith JD. Evaluation of UPJ obstruction before and after pyeloplasty using MR urography. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38(suppl):106–124
  46. Spencer JA, Chahal R, Kelly A, et al. Evaluation of painful hydronephrosis in pregnancy: Magnetic resonance urographic patterns in physiological dilatation versus calculous obstruction. J Urol. 2004;171:256–260
  47. Grenier N, Pariente JL, Trilaud H, et al. Dilatation of the collecting system during pregnancy: Physiologic vs obstructive dilatation. Eur Radiol. 2000;10:271–279
  48. Grober T. Gadolinium: A specific trigger for the development of nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis?. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21:1104–1108
  49. Marckmann P, Skov L, Rossen K, et al. Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis: Suspected causative role of gadolinium. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17:2359–2362
  50. Blondin D, Koester A, Andersen K, et al. Renal transplant failure due to urologic complications: Comparison of static fluid with contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance urography. Eur J Radiol. 2009;69:324–330
  51. Browne RFJ, Tuite DJ. Imaging of the renal transplant: Comparison of MRI with duplex sonography. Abdom Imaging. 2006;31:461–482
  52. Dorsam J, Knopp MV, Carl S, et al. Ureteral complications after kidney transplantation: Evaluation with functional magnetic resonance urography. Transplant Proc. 1997;29:132–135
  53. Cohnen M, Brause M, May P, et al. Contrast enhanced MR urography in the evaluation of renal transplants with urological complications. Clin Nephrol. 2002;58:111–117
  54. Schubert RA, Gockeritz S, Mentzel HJ, et al. Imaging in ureteral complications of renal transplantation: Value of static-fluid MR urography. Eur Radiol. 2000;10:1152–1157
  55. Leyendecker JR, Childs DD. Kidneys and MR urography. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am. 2007;15:373–382
  56. Vogt FM, Antoch G, Hunold P, et al. Parallel acquisition techniques for accelerated volumetric interpolated breath-hold examination magnetic resonance imaging of the upper abdomen: Assessment of image quality and lesion conspicuity. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2005;21:376–382
  57. Margolis DJ, Bammer R, Chow LC. Parallel imaging of the abdomen. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2004;15:197–206
  58. Kim S, Jacob JS, Kim DC, et al. Time-resolved dynamic contrast-enhanced MR urography for the evaluation of ureteral peristalsis: Initial experience. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2008;28:1293–1298
  59. Mariani AJ, Mariani MC, Macchioni C, et al. The significance of adult hematuria: 1000 hematuria evaluations including a risk-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis. J Urol. 1989;141:350–355
  60. Woolhandler S, Pels RJ, Bor DH, et al. Dipstick urinalysis screening of asymptomatic adults for urinary tract disorders (I. Hematuria and proteinuria). J Am Med Assoc. 1989;262:1214–1219
  61. Shokeir AA, El-Diasty T, Eassa W, et al. Diagnosis of ureteral obstruction in patients with compromised renal function: The role of noninvasive imaging. J Urol. 2004;171:2303–2306
  62. Chahal R, Taylor K, Eardley I, et al. Patients at high risk for upper tract urothelial cancer: Evaluation of hydronephrosis using high resolution magnetic resonance urography. J Urol. 2005;174:478–482
  63. Takahashi N, Kawashima A, Glockner JF, et al. Small (<2-cm) upper-tract urothelial carcinoma: Evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled echo MR urography. Radiology. 2008;247:451–457
  64. Schindera S, Merkle E, Dale B, et al. Abdominal magnetic resonance at 3.0 T: What is the ultimate gain in signal-to-noise ratio?. Acad Radiol. 2006;13:1236–1243
  65. Chang KJ, Kamel IR, Macura KJ, et al. 3.0-T MR imaging of the abdomen: comparison with 1.5 T. Radiographics. 2008;28:1983–1998
  66. Trattnig S, Pinker K, Ssalamah A, et al. The optimal use of contrast agents at high field MRI. Eur Radiol. 2006;16:1280–1287
  67. Regier M, Nolte-Ernsting C, Adam G, et al. Intraindividual comparison of image quality in MR urography at 1.5 and 3 tesla in an animal model. Rofo. 2008;180:915–921
  68. Merkle E, Dale B, Paulson E. Abdominal MR imaging at 3T. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am. 2006;14:17–26
  69. Bernstein M, Huston J, Ward H. Imaging artifacts at 3.0 T. J Magn Res Imaging. 2006;24:735–746
  70. Tanenbaum L. Clinical 3T MR imaging: Mastering the challenges. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am. 2006;14:1–15
  71. Takeuchi M, Matsuzaki K, Kubo H, et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of urinary epithelial cancer with upper urinary tract obstruction: Preliminary results. Acta Radiol. 2008;49:1195–1199
  72. Kim S, Naik M, Sigmund E, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the kidneys and the urinary tract. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am. 2008;16:585–596
  73. Yoshida S, Masuda H, Ishii C, et al. Initial experience of functional imaging of upper urinary tract neoplasm by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Int J Urol. 2008;15:140–143
  74. Bokacheva L, Rusinek H, Zhang JL, et al. Estimates of glomerular filtration rate from MR renography and tracer kinetic models. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2009;29:371–382
  75. Prasad PV. Functional MRI of the kidney: Tools for translational studies of pathophysiology of renal disease. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2006;290:F958–F974
  76. Huang AJ, Lee VS, Rusinek H. Functional renal MR imaging. Magn Reson Imaging Clin North Am. 2004;12:469–486
  77. Michoux N, Vallée J-P, Pechère-Bertschi A, et al. Analysis of contrast-enhanced MR images to assess renal function. Magma. 2006;19:167–179
  78. Lee VS, Rusinek H, Noz M, et al. Dynamic three-dimensional MR renography for the measurement of single kidney function: Initial experience. Radiology. 2003;227:289–294
  79. Hackstein N, Heckrodt J, Rau WS. Measurement of single-kidney glomerular filtration rate using a contrast-enhanced dynamic gradient-echo sequence and the Rutland-Patlak plot technique. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2003;18:714–725
  80. Buckley DL, Shurrab A, Cheung CM, et al. Measurement of single kidney function using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI: Comparison of two models in human subjects. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2006;24:1117–1123
  81. Lee VS, Rusinek H, Bokacheva L, et al. Renal function measurements from MR renography and a simplified multicompartmental model. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2007;292:F1548–F1559
  82. Sourbron SP, Michaely HJ, Reiser MF, et al. MRI-measurement of perfusion and glomerular filtration in the human kidney with a separable compartment model. Invest Radiol. 2008;43:40–48
  83. Tumkur SM, Vu AT, Li LP, et al. Evaluation of intra-renal oxygenation during water dieresis: A time-resolved study using bold MRI. Kidney Int. 2006;70:139–143
  84. Keifer C, Schroth G, Gralla J, et al. A feasibility study on model-based evaluation of kidney perfusion measured by means of FAIR prepared true-FISP arterial spin labeling (ASL) on a 3T MR scanner. Acad Radiol. 2009;16:79–87
  85. Theony HC, Kessler TM, Simon-Zoula S, et al. Renal oxygenation changes during acute unilateral ureteral obstruction: Assessment with blood oxygen level-dependent MR imaging—Initial experience. Radiology. 2008;247:595–596
  86. Han F, Xiao W, Xu Y, et al. The significance of bold MRI in the differentiation between renal transplant rejection and acute tubular necrosis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23:2666–2672
  87. Katz-Brull R, Rofsky NM, Morrin MM, et al. Decreases in free cholesterol and fatty acid unsaturation in renal cell carcinoma demonstrated by breath-hold magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Am J Physiol Ren Physiol. 2005;288:F637–F641
  88. Kajbafzadeh AM, Payabvash S, Sadeghi Z. Comparison of magnetic resonance urography with ultrasound studies in detection of fetal urogenital anomalies. J Pediatr Urol. 2008;4:32–39

PII: S0887-2171(09)00022-5

doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2009.03.004

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 30, Issue 4 , Pages 246-257 , August 2009

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution