Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 2-16 , February 2009

Imaging of the Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Cavity: Normal Anatomy and Clinically Relevant Anatomical Variants

  • Timothy J. Beale, FRCR, FRCS

      Affiliations

    • University College Hospital London, London, UK
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Timothy J. Beale, FRCR, FRCS, University College Hospital London, 235 Euston Road, London NW1 2BU, UK
    • ,
  • Gitta Madani, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • Imperial College NHS Trust, St. Mary's Hospital, London, UK
    • ,
  • Simon J. Morley, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • University College Hospital London, London, UK

References 

  1. Earwacker J. Anatomic variants in sinonasal CT. Radiographics. 1993;13:381–415
  2. Lee WT, Kuhn FA, Citardi MJ. 3D computed tomographic analysis of frontal recess anatomy in patients without frontal sinusitis. Otolaryngology Head Neck Surg. 2004;131(3):164–173
  3. Stammberger H, Kopp W, Dekornfeld TJ, et al. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery?. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1990;63–76
  4. Kasper KA. Nasofrontal connections (A study based on one hundred consecutive dissections). Arch Otolaryngol. 1936;23:322–343
  5. Kuhn FA, Javer AR. Primary endoscopic management of the frontal sinus. Oper Tech Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;7:222–229
  6. Wormald P-J. Endoscopic Sinus Surgery. New York, NY: Thieme; 2005;
  7. Bruner E, Jacobs JB, Lebowitz RA, et al. Role of the agger asi air cell in chronic frontal sinusitis. Ann Otol Laryngol. 1996;105:694–700
  8. Owen RG, Kuhn FA. Supraorbital ethmoid cell. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1997;116:254–261
  9. Joe J, Ho S, Yanagisawa E. Documentation of variations in sinonasal anatomy by intraoperative nasal endoscopy. Laryngoscope. 2000;110:229–235
  10. Sarna A, Hayman A, Laine F, et al. Coronal imaging of the ostiomeatal unit: anatomy of 24 variants. J Computer Assisted Tomogr. 2002;26(1):153–157
  11. Zeinrich SJ, Mattox DE, Kennedy DW, et al. Concha bullosa: CT evaluation. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1988;12:778–784
  12. Cannon CR. Endoscopic management of concha bullosa. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1994;110:449–454
  13. Stammberger H, Wolf G. Headaches and sinus disease: the endoscopic approach. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1988;134:3–23
  14. Bolger WE, Butzin CA, Parsons DS. Paranasal sinus bony anatomic variations and mucosal abnormalities: CT analysis for endoscopic sinus surgery. Laryngoscope. 1991;101:56–64
  15. Jog M, McGarry GW. How frequent are accessory sinus ostia?. J Laryngol Otol. 2003;117:270–272
  16. Maniscalo JE, Habal MB. Microanatomy of the optic canal. J Neurosurg. 1978;48:402–406
  17. Bayram M, Sirikci A, Bayazit YA. Important anatomic variations of the sinonasal anatomy in light of endoscopic surgery: a pictorial review. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:1991–1997

PII: S0887-2171(08)00095-4

doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2008.10.011

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 30, Issue 1 , Pages 2-16 , February 2009

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