Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 29, Issue 6 , Pages 400-408 , December 2008

Correlative Anatomy of the Anus and Rectum

  • Andrew E. Bennett, MD, PhD

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Andrew E. Bennett, MD, PhD, Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215

References 

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  4. Santoro GA, DiFalco G. Endosonographic anatomy of the normal anal canal. In:  Santoro GA,  DiFalco G editor. Benign Anorectal Diseases. Milan: Springer-Verlag Italia; 2006;p. 35–55
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  17. Beets-Tan RGH, Morren GL, Beets GL. Measurement of anal sphincter muscles: endoanal US, endoanal MR imaging, or phased-array MR imaging? (A study with healthy volunteers). Radiology. 2001;220:81–89
  18. Frudinger A, Halligan S, Bartram CI, et al. Female anal sphincter: age-related differences in asymptomatic volunteers with high-frequency endoanal US. Radiology. 2002;224:417–423
  19. Rociu E, Stoker J, Eijkemans MJC, et al. Normal anal sphincter anatomy and age- and sex-related variations at high-spatial-resolution endoanal MR imaging. Radiology. 2000;217:395–401
  20. Zetterstrom JP, Mellgren A, Madoff RD, et al. Perineal body measurement improves evaluation of anterior sphincter lesions during endoanal ultrasonography. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998;41:705–713
  21. Cazemier M, Terra MP, Stoker J, et al. Atrophy and defects detection of the external anal sphincter: comparison between three-dimensional anal endosonography and endoanal magnetic resonance imaging. Dis Colon Rectum. 2005;49:20–27
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  25. Beets-Tan RGH, Beets GL. Rectal cancer: review with emphasis on MR imaging. Radiology. 2004;232:335–346
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PII: S0887-2171(08)00090-5

doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2008.10.007

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 29, Issue 6 , Pages 400-408 , December 2008

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