The Undescended Testis

Cryptorchidism represents a common condition affecting male infants that has significant clinical implications, including infertility and testicular malignancy. The precise developmental mechanisms leading to cryptorchidism are poorly understood; however, abnormalities in both functional anatomic and hormonal factors during embryogenesis and testicular descent are implicated. Although surgical intervention is ultimately required, there is a defined role for diagnostic imaging in patient evaluation—particularly in the setting of a nonpalpable undescended testis. Consultation among urologists, pediatric surgeons, and radiologists is paramount to optimize patient care.