Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 27, Issue 6 , Pages 476-491 , December 2006

Imaging of the Lacrimal Gland

  • Gaenor K. Hughes, MB, ChB, MRCS(Ed), FRCR

      Affiliations

    • Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Katherine A. Miszkiel, BM (Hons), MRCP, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery and Moorfields Eye Hospital, City Road, London, United Kingdom.
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to: Dr. K.A. Miszkiel, Consultant Neuroradiologist, The National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 8BG, United Kingdom.

References 

  1. McMinn RMH. Last’s Anatomy Regional and Applied. (ed 9). Edinburgh UK: Churchill Livingstone; 1995;
  2. Guerrissi JO, Belmonte J. Surgical treatment of dry eye syndrome: conjunctival graft of the minor salivary gland. J Craniofac Surg. 2004;15:6–10
  3. Ohashi Y, Dogru M, Tsubota K. Laboratory findings in tear fluid analysis. Clin Chim Acta. 2006;369:17–28
  4. Lieb WE. Colour Doppler imaging of the eye and orbit. Radiol Clin North Am. 1998;36:1059–1071
  5. Hendrix LE, Massaro BM, Daniels DL, et al. Surface coil MR evaluation of a lacrimal gland carcinoma. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 1988;12:866
  6. Hesselink JR, Karampekios S. Normal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging anatomy of the globe, orbit, and visual pathways. Neuroimaging Clin North Am. 1996;6:15–27
  7. Sulavik SB, Spencer RP, Weed DA, et al. Recognition of distinctive patterns of gallium-67 distribution in sarcoidosis. J Nucl Med. 1990;31:1909–1914
  8. Shields JA, Shields CL, Epstein JA, et al. Primary epithelial malignancies of the lacrimal gland: the 2003 Ramon L (Font Lecture). Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2004;20:10–21
  9. Vangveeravong S, Katz SE, Rootman J, et al. Tumours arising in the palpebral lobe of the lacrimal gland. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:1606–1612
  10. Wright JE, Stewart WB, Krohel GB. Clinical presentation and management of lacrimal gland tumours. Br J Ophthalmol. 1979;63:600–606
  11. Portis JM, Krohel GB, Stewart WB. Calcifications in lesions of the fossa of the lacrimal gland. Ophthalmic Plast Reconst Surg. 1985;1:137–144
  12. Wharton JA, O’Donnell BA. Unusual presentations of pleomorphic adenoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Aust NZ J Ophthalmol. 1999;27:145–148
  13. Miyazaki T, Yamasaki T, Moritake K, et al. Unusual progression of pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal gland: case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo). 2005;45:407–410
  14. Jakobiec FA, Yeo JH, Trokel SL, et al. Combined clinical and computed tomographic diagnosis of primary lacrimal fossa lesions. Ann J Ophthalmol. 1982;94:785–807
  15. Stewart WB, Krohel GB, Wright JE. Lacrimal gland and fossa lesions: an approach to diagnosis and management. Ophthalmology. 1979;86:886–895
  16. Rootman J. Diseases of the orbit (A multidisciplinary approach). (ed 2). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2003;
  17. Polito E, Leccisotti A. Diagnosis and treatment of orbital haemorrhagic lesions. Ann Ophthalmol. 1994;26:85–93
  18. Gunduz K, Shields CL, Gunalp I, et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of unilateral lacrimal gland lesions. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2003;241:907–913
  19. Shields JA, Shields CL, Friere JE, et al. Plaque radiotherapy in the management of selected orbital malignancies: preliminary observations: the 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 2. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;19:91–95
  20. Jakobiec FA, Font RL. Lacrimal gland tumours. In:  Spencer WG editors. Ophthalmic Pathology: An Atlas and Textbook. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1986;p. 2496;vol 3.
  21. Sutula FC. Tumours of the lacrimal gland and sac. In:  Albert DM,  Jakobiec FA editor. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1994;
  22. De Rosa G, Zeppa P, Tranfa F, et al. Acinic cell carcinoma arising in a lacrimal gland (First case report). Cancer. 1986;57:1988–1991
  23. Katz SE, Rootman J, Dolman PJ, et al. Primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Ophthalmology. 1996;103:157–162
  24. Jakobiec FA, Knowles DM. An overview of ocular adnexal lymphoid tumours. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 1989;87:420–444
  25. Knowles DM, Jakobiec FA, McNally L, et al. Lymphoid hyperplasia and malignant lymphoma occurring in the ocular adnexa (orbit, conjunctiva, and eyelids): a prospective multiparametric analysis of 108 cases during 1977 to 1987. Hum Pathol. 1990;21:959–973
  26. Farmer JP, Lamba M, Lamba WR, et al. Lymphoproliferative lesions of the lacrimal gland: clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular genetic analysis. Can J Ophthalmol. 2005;40:151–160
  27. Weber AL, Jakobiec FA, Sabates NR. Lymphoproliferative disease of the orbit. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 1996;6:93–111
  28. Rubin PAD, Jakobiec FA. Other lymphocytic disease processes. In:  Albert DM,  Jakobiec FA editor. Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology (Clinical Practice). Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 1994;p. 2019–2027vol 3.
  29. McNally L, Jakobiec FA, Knowles DM. Clinical, morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular genetic analysis of bilateral ocular adnexal lymphoid neoplasms in 17 patients. Am J Ophthalmol. 1987;103:555–568
  30. Bessell EM, Henk JM, Wright JE, et al. Orbital and conjunctival lymphoma treatment and prognosis. Radiother Oncol. 1988;13:237–244
  31. McDonald P, Jakobiec FA, Hornblass A, et al. Benign peripheral nerve sheath tumours (neurofibromatosis of the lacrimal gland). Ophthalmology. 1983;90:1403–1413
  32. Krohel GB, Rosenberg PN, Wright JE, et al. Localized orbital neurofibromas. Am J Ophthalmol. 1985;100:458–464
  33. Peyster RG, Shapiro MD, Haik BG. Orbital metastasis: role of magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography. Radiol Clin North Am. 1987;25:647–662
  34. Rootman J. Secondary tumours of the orbit. In:  Rootman J editors. Diseases of the Orbit. Philadelphia, PA: JB Lippincott; 1988;
  35. Burnstine MA, Morton AD, Font RL, et al. Lacrimal gland hemangiopericytoma. Orbit. 1998;17:179–188
  36. Sohaib SA, Moseley I, Wright JE. Orbital rhabdomyosarcoma—the radiological characteristics. Clin Radiol. 1998;53:357–362
  37. Weber AL, Romo LV, Sabates NR. Pseudotumor of the orbit (Clinical, pathologic, and radiologic evaluation). Radiol Clin North Am. 1999;37:151–168
  38. Carmody RF, Mafee MF, Goodwin JA, et al. Orbital and optic pathway sarcoidosis; MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1994;15:775–783
  39. Simon EM, Zoarski GH, Rothman MI, et al. Systemic sarcoidosis with bilateral orbital involvement: MR findings. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1998;19:336–337
  40. Shields JA, Shields CL, Scartozzi R. Survey of 1264 patients with orbital tumors and simulating lesions: The 2002 Montgomery Lecture, part 1. Ophthalmology. 2004;111:997–1008
  41. Frohman LP, Kupersmith MJ, Lang J, et al. Intracranial extension and bone destruction in orbital pseudotumour. Arch Ophthalmol. 1986;104:380–384
  42. Yamamoto M, Takahashi H, Sugai S, et al. Clinical and pathological characteristics of Mikulicz’s disease (IgG4-related plasmacytic exocrinopathy). Autoimmunol Rev. 2005;4:195–200
  43. Mafee MF, Haik BG. Lacrimal gland and fossa lesions: role of computed tomography. Radiol Clin North Am. 1987;25:767–779
  44. Izumi M, Eguchi K, Uetani M, et al. MR features of the lacrimal gland in Sjogren’s syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1998;170:1661–1666
  45. Kawai Y, Sumi M, Kitamori H, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR microimaging of the lacrimal glands in patients with Sjogren’s syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;184:1320–1325
  46. Spalton DJ, Graham EM, Page NG, et al. Ocular changes in limited forms of Wegener’s granulomatosis. Br J Ophthalmol. 1981;65:553–563
  47. Soheilian M, Bagheri A, Aletaha M. Dacryoadenitis as the earliest presenting manifestation of systemic Wegener’s granulomatosis. Eur J Ophthalmol. 2002;12:241–243
  48. Bonfioli AA, Orefice F. Sarcoidosis. Semin Ophthalmol. 2005;20:177–182
  49. Kurdziel KA. The panda sign. Radiology. 2000;215:884–885
  50. Mana J. Nuclear imaging: 67gallium, 201thallium, 18F-labeled fluro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Clin Chest Med. 1997;18:799–811
  51. Rootman J, Quenville N, Owen D. Recent advances in pathology as applied to orbital biopsy (Practical considerations). Ophthalmology. 1984;91:708–718
  52. Lee-Wing M, Oryschak A, Attariwala G, et al. Rosai-Dorfman disease presenting as bilateral lacrimal gland enlargement. Am J Ophthalmol. 2001;131:677–678
  53. Betharia SM, Pushker N, Sharma V, et al. Simple dacryops: a case series and review of the literature. Ophthalmologica. 2002;216:372–376
  54. Levin LA, Popham J, To K, et al. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland (Report of a case with oncocytic features arising in a patient with chronic dacryops). Ophthalmology. 1991;98:1551–1555
  55. Christie DB, Woog JJ, Lahav M. Combined dacryops with underlying benign mixed cell tumor of the lacrimal gland. Am J Ophthalmol. 1995;119:97–99
  56. Su GW, Patipa M, Font RL. Primary squamous cell carcinoma arising from an epithelium-lined cyst of the lacrimal gland. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;21:383–385

PII: S0887-2171(06)00077-1

doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2006.09.002

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI
Volume 27, Issue 6 , Pages 476-491 , December 2006